Product Definition and Application
Charcoal is a material consisting of almost 100% carbon. It is mainly known as an environmentally friendly and efficient type of fuel: it does not pollute the atmosphere with caustic smoke, and food is cooked on it very quickly. But charcoal is used not only in everyday life, it has also found wide application in the metallurgical and chemical industries. It also serves as a feed additive for animals and insulating materials in construction.
There are several types of charcoal:
- black - made from soft wood (aspen, linden, willow, alder and poplar);
- white - from hard rocks (birch, oak, hornbeam, elm, etc.);
- red - produced by soft charcoal (conifers).
Three grades of coal (from the highest) are distinguished by quality in GOST: A, B and C.
Production Charcoal sales can be a source of decent income. Only cafes and restaurants burn about 4 tons of coal per season. And how many fans go fishing or a picnic? In addition, this business does not require exorbitant costs and complex production.
Production technology: equipment and raw materials
Coal production is based on the pyrolysis process (burning wood without oxygen). For this, carbon-burning (retor) furnaces are used, which are mobile and stationary. They consist of a chamber that performs operations of burning and drying. The basic principle of operation is that the combined-cycle gases emitted during the combustion of coal are transferred to the furnace and burned, giving additional heat.
The process itself is as follows: wood raw materials are manually or automatically placed in the loading hopper. When the sensors show that the coal is burnt out and dried up, it is unloaded and allowed to cool. Further, the product is crushed or briquetted and packaged in paper or polyethylene bags.
For raw materials use any wood waste: hemp, knots, waste from furniture production. You can establish contact with local foresters who annually produce wood. Sawdust and peat are also suitable. The consumption of raw materials per ton of products: birch - 7-8 cubic meters. m., soft-leaved breeds - 11-12 cubic meters. m
Room and staff
The production room should be located in the suburban area or outside the city. An oven needs an open land. The total area with warehouses of products will be about 200 square meters. m. Equipment maintenance does not require highly skilled workers. The total number of staff is 2-3 people. You will also need an accountant, manager and watchman.
Costs
Investments consist of the following costs:
1. Equipment:
- carbohydrate furnace (17-100 thousand rubles);
- electronic scales (from 5 thousand rubles);
- electric generator (from 20 thousand rubles);
- chainsaws (from 5 thousand rubles);
- hydraulic device for splitting firewood, cleaver (from 55 rubles / pc);
2. Raw materials (at 30 t / month):
- chopped firewood (from 1200 to 1700 rubles / m3);
- bags for packaging (7-11 rubles / pc);
3. Salary to staff (5 people - 75-100 thousand rubles per month);
4. Registration (about 10 thousand rubles);
5. Rental of premises (20 thousand rubles);
6. Transportation, advertising and other expenses.
Total: from 500 thousand rubles.
Monthly income of about 70 thousand rubles. The cost of coal is 17-20 rubles / kg.
Cherukhina Kristina
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