Growing quail is a profitable business

* The calculations use the average data for the World 300 000 ₽

Minimum starting capital

50-100%

Profitability

3-5 months

Payback

20 sq. m

Minimum area

The quail breeding business is highly profitable and quick to pay back. Within this business, two main areas can be distinguished. The first is the direct production of laying hens, each of which can lay up to three hundred eggs per year (an average of two hundred and fifty), and the second - the production of dietary quail meat.

As a rule, within the framework of one farm, both of these areas are combined. Quail meat is rich in easily digestible protein, has good antioxidant properties and high palatability. Despite all the advantages, in the presence of stable demand, competition in this area is still not very high, which opens up great opportunities for beginning farmers.

The minimum number of birds, from which it is worth counting on a sufficient income from the business in the presence of a sales market, is 500-600 heads. Quail are highly fertile and grow rapidly, which allows for just one year to increase their population by 8-10 times. The quail begins to rush at the age of 30-40 days. With 600 birds you can get up to 1800 eggs per year. To accommodate a quail farm does not require large areas.

Cages with quails to save space are usually located in several tiers, which allows you to place up to 200 birds on one square meter of the house. The profitability of the production of quail eggs is estimated at 50-100%, and meat production - two to three times lower (average 25%). Due to the short production cycle (2-3 months), the payback of such a project is much lower than in the industry as a whole. Experts evaluate it up to six months.

Legal nuances of the quail business

If you intend to sell products (in our case, eggs and carcasses) produced on the lands of personal subsidiary plots (LPH), then you need to take into account the fact that the sale of products produced on such lands does not apply to entrepreneurial activity. By law, LPH is a form of non-entrepreneurial activity related to the production and processing of agricultural products. LPH is conducted by a citizen and his family members in order to satisfy his personal needs on his own land. Accordingly, agricultural products grown under the management of private household plots are the property of a citizen conducting private subsidiary plots, and the sale of agricultural products by citizens holding private plots is not an entrepreneurial activity.

If you still intend to sell your products (or rather, their surpluses), then you will need to get a document from the local administration about the presence of private household plots. Submit a document issued by the local government to the boards of the gardening partnership. This paper confirms that the products sold are produced on a land plot owned by the taxpayer or members of his family, and used for private farming, horticulture, gardening or summer house construction. In addition, you will need to put your private household plots on the register, which is maintained in household books on the basis of information provided by citizens on a voluntary basis.

The household book contains basic information about private household plots: last name, first name and patronymic, as well as the date of birth of the owner of the land plot, full name of all family members living together with him, the number of farm birds (in our case), the area of ​​the land occupied by crops or plantings, agricultural machinery and vehicles owned by you or in any other right. After receiving this document, it will be necessary to invite a commission consisting of veterinarians to draw up an inspection certificate. If the inspection results are positive, you will receive an inspection certificate, after which your farm will be assigned to one veterinarian.

It is with him that you will receive from him veterinary certificates of the established form for selling products through trade organizations. In addition, the veterinary service will issue you a veterinary certificate, on the basis of which you will subsequently receive certificates of form No. 2.

Please note: if you intend to sell your products as an individual entrepreneur, then the algorithm will be approximately the same, with only one difference. You will need to pay additional taxes and receive a certificate of conformity for your products with a certificate of quality. Unlike private entrepreneurs, private household plots sell surplus products originally obtained for their own needs. IP is intended for the sale of agricultural products originally produced for sale. That is why private farms can sell their products only in markets and public catering establishments, and there are no such restrictions for private entrepreneurs.

House equipment

To maintain quail, you need a dry, warm room. Its area depends on your capabilities and planned volumes. So, on an area of ​​about 20 square meters. meters when placing cages in several floors, you can contain up to a thousand birds (although the livestock of 600 individuals will be located with great comfort). In general, quail is quite easy to care for and not demanding on the conditions of detention. For their normal development, it is enough to follow simple rules. Firstly, you will need to ensure a constant temperature in the house from 18-22 ° C. In the southern regions, it is recommended to use air conditioners in the summer. Try to exclude any possibility of temperature changes or sudden changes in the temperature regime, otherwise it can cause stress in the bird, lead to the development of diseases and even death.

In addition, in the room where the quail is kept, it is also necessary to maintain the optimum humidity level - 65-70%. It should be well ventilated, but formation of drafts should not be allowed. Lighting is best done dimmed with the possibility of regulation. Finally, since any loud sudden noise can cause stress in the bird, which in turn leads to poor weight gain and stopping the eggs, it is necessary to provide good sound insulation in the house. You should not have a quail farm in the vicinity of various manufacturing enterprises or construction sites.

When planning a house area of ​​15-20 square meters. meters, divide it into several separate rooms. A minimum of 4 “sectors” will be required: for keeping adult birds and a brooding room for young animals, a room for placement of incubators, for storage and preparation of feed mixtures. These rooms can be divided by light walls made of chipboard, drywall or even six-cell cell batteries. Adult birds are kept in cages that are equipped with feeders and drinkers. The floor in such a cage is made at a slight slope, which facilitates the process of collecting eggs.

One battery of six cells, in which it is quite possible to place about 250 individuals, will cost about 3, 000 rubles. If you have time and skills, you can save on this expense item and make bird cages yourself from sheets of plywood, metal, reinforcement and galvanized welded wire mesh. The cost of the battery in this case will be 1.5-2 times less. According to experienced quailbreakers, for the production of one cage, which can contain up to twenty birds, you will need 1 square. meter of galvanized wire, and for one cell battery per hundred birds - about 1.5 square meters. meters of metal sheet, 0.7 square meters. meters of plywood, 4.5 square meters. meter galvanized wire mesh. For cages per thousand birds, up to 50 square meters will be required. meters of mesh, 6-7 square meters. meters of plywood and 16 square meters. meters of metal sheet.

For rearing young birds, as a rule, ordinary wooden or plywood crates of standard sizes 65x65x25 cm are used. Crates can also be made with your own hands. Additional costs include the equipment of such pincers with special lamps for heating and lighting, which help create the optimal temperature and light conditions.

The main drawback of quail is the lack of eggs in them as a result of domestication. Therefore, for their breeding, you will need an incubator that maintains a temperature of 37 to 39 ° C. Like cells, an incubator can be made independently, on order, or purchased in a store. Drawings for the construction of an incubator can be found on specialized sites on the Internet. The cost of this equipment can range from 1000 to 15000 rubles. Such a large variation in prices is explained by the features of a particular model. Larger incubators with additional functions and capabilities (for example, temperature and humidity control devices, an automatic egg flipping device ten times a day, etc.), respectively, will cost more. Good models can be found for 5000 rubles.

Additional equipment includes a feathering machine for plucking feathers from the carcass. Of course, this can be done manually, but with large volumes of meat production, this operation will take a lot of time and effort. Removing machines help to significantly improve the quality of the product and its appearance, since when using them, the skin of the bird is not damaged when it is pinched. The feather removal process is as follows. Carcasses of birds are placed in a drum. During rotation, they hit the beating fingers and lose feathers (while the quality of processing is quite high - automated equipment allows you to remove up to 95% of the feathers). Water entering the drum flushes removed feathers and fluff into the tray. The cleaning time for carcasses per load is several minutes. In an hour, a low-power machine allows you to process about a hundred carcasses. The cost of such equipment is 7500-10000 rubles.

Quail feeding and care

Quails grow quite quickly: the weight of the newly hatched quail will not exceed 6 grams, but by the end of the first month it will increase by 15 times! After 2-3 months, they gain enough body weight and begin to lay eggs. However, this is possible only with proper care of the bird and proper organization of its feeding. An adult quail eats about 30 grams of feed per day. However, experts advise planning daily feed costs of 35 kg of feed per 1000 birds. Feed can be purchased ready-made or mix feed mixtures yourself. Ready-made feeds for quail, which have a more intensive biochemical metabolism than other poultry, are dry or moistened mixtures of crushed cereals (corn, wheat, barley, millet), which contain all the necessary vitamins and minerals, soy or sunflower meal, chalk, premix, etc.

In the diet of quails that carry eggs, there should also be mixed feeds based on products of animal origin - fish or meat and bone meal, milk powder. Mealworms, earthworms and various insects can also be used to fill the deficit of animal feed.

Experienced farmers prefer to harvest feed mixtures on their own, rather than purchase ready-made feed, which may require a grain mill and / or grass cutting (the cost of such specialized equipment is 3500-5000 rubles). All feed must first be thoroughly chopped and then mixed.

Compound feed for quail can also consist of such components (as a percentage of the total mass of feed): yellow corn - 20, millet - 15.7, wheat - 19, sunflower meal - 4.9, dried milk - 4, meat and bone meal - 12, fish flour - 12, dry yeast - 6, grass meal - 3, ground shell - 2, table salt - 0.3, mineral supplement - 0.5. 100 g of such feed contains 22.6% dry protein, 2% calcium, 1.6% phosphorus and 0.6% sodium. An adult bird is fed 2-3 times a day at the same time. In winter, quail is fed with sprouted greens of millet, onions, oats and wheat, and in summer they give unlimited leaves of cabbage, beets, alfalfa, nettle, lettuce, clover spinach. The exact recipe for the feed mixture (composition and proportions of ingredients) depends on the feed base of the region where the farm is located, and, as a rule, is compiled independently by each farmer.

Since quails spread food, it is recommended to use feeders with curved inward sides. Food is usually sprinkled on about 2/3 of the feeders to reduce losses.

The cost of feeding birds depends on several conditions at once, but first of all on the region and ingredients. Fattening quails for meat begins when they reach 30 days of age. For such fattening, special feeds for broilers (80% of the total feed) plus boiled peas (20%) are used. Good indicators can be achieved by increasing the content of corn and feed fat in the diet of poultry. But in no case can you drastically transfer birds to the diet of fattening, otherwise it can lead to illness or death of quail.

Such a transition is carried out within three to four days, replacing part of the old diet with a new one. For example, on the first day they give a little more than half of the old food, and the rest - a new food. In the next three days, the percentage of habitual feed is constantly reduced. Quail meat is fed for about a month. In this case, the first three weeks in the cells of fattening young animals maintained dim lighting around the clock.

Subsequently, females and males are kept separately. The cells of the females are illuminated intermittently: for one hour of light - two hours of darkness, and in males the daylight hours are reduced to eight hours. In well-fed birds, a layer of subcutaneous fat on the chest is noticeable. Their weight reaches 200 grams in two months (for comparison, egg-bearing quails at the same age weigh no more than 130 grams).

To care for a livestock of 600 birds, two to three people will be required. At first, these functions can be taken over, and then, as income grows, you can hire assistants who will feed the bird, care for it, clean the cages, collect eggs, and monitor optimal quail keeping conditions.

Product sales

Quail carcasses are sold through markets, supermarkets, as well as restaurants and cafes, kindergartens, schools, sanatoriums, tourist centers, etc. Quail carcasses are sold in retail for 80-90 rubles. Quail eggs cost from 2 rubles apiece, depending on the region. An additional source of income for such farms is the sale of quail at the age of up to one week at a cost of up to 25-30 rubles per head and at a monthly age of 40-45 rubles.

Primary expenses for the arrangement of such a farm for 600-700 heads are up to 300 thousand rubles, taking into account all costs, including equipment. The payback period in this case is, as mentioned above, 4-6 months, due to the high fecundity of birds.

Many farmers who do not have sufficient capital in the amount of 250-300 thousand rubles for the organization of industrial production begin with the purchase of a small number of quail with their subsequent breeding and cultivation. Gradually, they increase the necessary number of livestock, which can take up to six months. This is a good option for a small farm, but it is worth taking into account the fact that the payback period of such a project will be significantly higher (up to a year), and the profit, respectively, lower.

As a rule, experienced farmers who do not have a large starting capital practice the following scheme. They buy several hundred chickens under the age of two months, as they cost half the adult laying hens, as well as several tens of males under the age of one month (about 15-20 chickens per male). Then the birds grow to the desired age. In this case, groups are first formed for laying eggs for incubation.

It is best to initially market eggs, as they can be obtained in the very first two months of the existence of the farm. First, they can be sold to acquaintances and friends, and then develop new sales markets. It is advisable to purchase incubators at the very beginning of the farm, which will increase the profitability of your business. Thus, you can start with a livestock of 300-400 birds, and then within a short period of time (about six months) increase it to more than 1, 000 units, not counting young animals and eggs kept in an incubator.

It is best to sell eggs and carcasses through retail chains. This will require additional packaging costs, but it's worth it.

To increase profitability, many poultry farms try to use every opportunity. Например, крупные птицеводческие предприятия продают даже перепелиный помет, который является отличным натуральным удобрением, закупаемым как отдельными частными хозяйствами, так и крупными фермами.

Еще один источник дохода – продажа обучающих материалов и даже полноценных курсов по разведению перепелов. Если вы умеете делать что-то хорошо, то почему бы не зарабатывать на своих знаниях и опыте? Для этого можно создать собственный сайт в интернете (минимальная стоимость такового составляет 1500 рублей). Подготовьте подробные текстовые и видеоматериалы и продавайте их по цене печатной книги (500 – 1000 рублей).

Sysoeva Liliya (c) www.clogicsecure.com - a portal to small business business plans and guides

08/18/2019


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