Plastic packaging is currently the most popular packaging. It is used for packaging both food and industrial products. The types of such containers are diverse: these are bottles, and buckets, and containers, and bottles, and containers for eggs. They all differ in size and thickness. The production of plastic containers is not a difficult process, and opening such a business can bring considerable income.
Technology
There are several methods for manufacturing plastic containers; their choice is usually dictated by the type of product needed.
Extrusion method - this is how many types of hollow containers (bottles, bottles) are made of granular thermoplastic materials (PVC, PP, PVD, PET).
Vacuum molding method - used to produce bottles, cups, blisters, corrections for sweets and cakes made of polystyrene, ABS, PVC, PET and polypropylene.
Casting (blowing) method - used in the manufacture of bottles from polyethylene and polypropylene.
The overall process is as follows. First, the mold is manufactured (or purchased). Each type of container has its own shape. The color of the plastic bottle depends on the color of the mold into which the dyes are added during manufacture. The raw material enters the receiving hopper and melts (plasticizes), then it is injected under pressure into the molds, the further process depends on the type of container: either it is immediately cooled and removed from the mold, or the workpiece is placed in a matrix for further molding. A vacuum is created in the matrix, due to which the preform takes the desired shape, then the matrix is cooled and the product is removed from it. In the manufacture of it is possible to use secondary raw materials, previously crushed on a special machine.
When choosing equipment, the following parameters of the injection units of the machine are taken into account:
Design and technological features: without preliminary plasticization and with preliminary plasticization. In the first case, the material is injected with plasticization. In the second - the raw material is first melted, then gets into shape.
Plasticization method: piston and screw. Piston machines are not recommended to be bought, since when using them it is difficult to regulate the molding process, and there are also large losses of raw materials during injection.
Design design (one, two and three cylinder). The productivity of the machine depends on the number of cylinders. Single cylinder used for thin-walled products. Two-cylinder - for two-color thick-walled products.
The number of screws (one and two augers).
The most functional are single-cylinder screw type designs.
Prices for equipment and raw materials
- thermoforming machine (productivity - 850 cycles per hour) - 400-800 thousand rubles;
- vacuum molding machine (60 cycles per hour) - 120 thousand rubles;
- extrusion blowing machine (300 bottles / h) - 300 thousand rubles;
- rotary plastic grinder - 100 thousand rubles;
- milling and engraving machine - 150-600 thousand rubles;
- water cooler - 10 thousand rubles;
- water ring vacuum pump - 10 thousand rubles;
- compressor - 30 thousand rubles.
- polypropylene 30-75 rubles / kg;
- polyethylene - 32 rubles / kg;
- ABS plastic - from 1000 rub / sheet;
- PVC - from 20 thousand rubles / t;
- polystyrene - from 1250 rub / m3.
Room and staff
The entire room should include several departments:
- administrative premises;
- production part;
- storage room for finished products;
- premises for storage of raw materials;
- a bathroom.
The number of staff and the area of the room depend on the amount of equipment. For example, to service one main machine (thermoforming or extrusion) and other auxiliary equipment, it will take about 3 people per shift and a room of 55 square meters. m
The total area will be 80-100 square meters. m. The total number of employees during three-shift work, taking into account the accountant, driver, auxiliary workers and management personnel, will be about 13 people.
Investments
Initial investments, taking into account the purchase of equipment (several injection molding machines and auxiliary equipment), rental of premises, salary, purchase of raw materials will amount to about 2.5-3 million rubles. The amount of revenue from income is 25%. The return on business is 12-15 months.
Cherukhina Kristina
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