6 000 000 ₽ (taxi park for 10 taxis)
Revenue:450 000 ₽
Net profit:310 000 ₽
Payback period:24 months
What do you need to start a taxi business and how can you make money today? Market situation, the most profitable brands of cars for taxis and calculations for the organization of a small taxi fleet.
The taxi market is developing rapidly in recent years. And, despite the fact that competition in this segment of the business is increasing, this business is a financially profitable project. The use of leasing schemes can reduce investment, and the use of aggregators - without problems to provide a taxi fleet with customers. You can enter such a business without experience and gradually increase the number of cars, constantly increasing your profit.
The current situation in the taxi market
The volume of the Russian taxi market is more than 500 billion rubles. The leader in the revenue of the taxi business is Moscow with revenues of more than 2 billion rubles annually. This is almost half of the entire Russian market. From the point of view of the federal districts, the Central District, which generates revenue of about 180 billion rubles a year, is the clear leader. Moscow is inferior to St. Petersburg in revenue, but in terms of the number of registered cars, these cities are almost equal - they account for about 7.5 taxis per 1000 inhabitants. Almost 600 thousand people across the country are employed in this industry. In connection with the crisis in the Russian economy, it is forecasted that the number of employees in this industry will increase by more than 100 thousand people.
The share of illegal taxis on the market is about 15%, and this figure is constantly decreasing, which is associated with an improvement in the quality of transportation by large taxi fleets and a decrease in the cost of travel for customers. Large players in the taxi market are fighting for their client, for example, over the past few years, the average taxi flow rate has decreased from 10 minutes to 4-5 minutes. The average cost of a taxi ride over the past few years, according to market analysts, has dropped by about 35%. And this is with a sharp rise in price of all the basic costs of transportation, such as the cost of cars, the cost of gasoline and spare parts. What made this saving possible? First of all, it is toughening competition among major market players. The cost of attracting a client has slightly decreased. But the main savings are achieved by reducing the cost of wages for drivers who have to work more for less.
The entire taxi market is divided into two large segments - taxi fleets and aggregators themselves, which do not have their own cars, but only search and transfer customers to taxi fleets.
Among the aggregators in Russia, Yandex.Taxi leads, Gett and Uber. Taxi parks include Rutaxi, Saturn and Maxim, which are large federal networks.
Based on the results of a market analysis, we conclude that despite the growth in the number of cars and revenue, there is no economic sense to create a separate taxi fleet with its dispatch service. This is due to the almost complete development of the market by large players who can maintain huge advertising budgets and low travel costs. The market is so busy that investments in a small taxi fleet with its own dispatch service are possible only in very tiny settlements where large players are not present. And, if such places still remained, then this is not for long. In our opinion, such investments are not justified.
How can I earn a taxi in a small taxi fleet?
Due to the fact that the creation of its own dispatching service by a small company is currently not cost-effective, it is possible, having a fleet of cars, to connect to any aggregator and fulfill orders on its behalf.
The scheme is as follows. You buy several cars, hire drivers and enter into an agreement with one or more taxi aggregators. They will give advertisements, ensure the operation of the dispatch service and provide you with customers at the rates they have approved. You will pay the aggregator for each client or for a certain period of cooperation with him.
Aggregators work only with legal entities or individual entrepreneurs. As a rule, it is not profitable for the driver to open a private entrepreneur to carry out taxi transportation services on one car.
There are two main schemes for working with drivers.
The first scheme is based on the fact that you find a driver, and agree with him on a specific plan, which he will hand over daily. In fact, you rent a car. As a rule, so that there is no downtime of the car, two drivers are daily working on the same car. The cost of renting the car that you provide to the driver depends on the class of the car, its mileage and on what fuel it runs on. Naturally, renting a car on gas costs a little more, as this is associated with a rather costly conversion of the car, but the driver pays for the cost of reducing the cost of fuel. As a rule, the cost of such a rental for the driver per day per day for the regions is about 1300 - 2000 rubles per day.
The second scheme is based on the fact that you provide a car and pay a salary to the driver for the number of hours worked. In this case, you also connect the driver to your aggregator account, refuel the car, wash and service it. On a salary scheme in the regions, a driver earns from 1, 500 to 2, 500 rubles a day.
There is another scheme for working with a driver when a taxi fleet attracts a driver with a car and takes a certain percentage of his revenue. Usually it is 4-6%. But such a scheme, probably due to the adoption of the law on the self-employed, will become unprofitable for drivers. Since the law has already been adopted in the first reading, we do not have to wait long and we will not consider this option. Many companies that have worked on this principle are changing their business model.
It is impossible to determine which scheme, the first or second, is more profitable for a taxi fleet. As in any business, financial results depend mainly not on the model of its organization, but on the quality of business organization. Naturally, the salary model requires more attention to business, more precise control of the driver, but often extends the life of the car.
Naturally, car maintenance and repairs in both of these schemes are carried out at your expense and under your control. Aggregators carry out complete and strict quality control of the implementation of orders. For any violations of the driver, he will be immediately fined or blocked. Often, aggregators also conduct driver training.
What cars should be purchased for a taxi fleet
Of course, the cheaper we buy a car, the faster it will pay off and begin to make money. However, cheap cars, as a rule, have a smaller resource, which is very important for taxis, due to the fact that the cost of spare parts is constantly growing. Aggregators also issue the best orders, given the class of the car and its mileage or age.
Therefore, it is necessary to find a middle ground, which will save on initial costs and ensure sufficient cash income from this car. Consider what major brands of cars are beneficial to use in a taxi.
Let us turn to the practice of existing taxi fleets, which have not only calculated the effectiveness of acquiring a particular brand, but also for years have in practice verified the correctness of their calculations.
In 2017, more than 29 thousand cars were purchased by companies for use as a taxi.
Volkswagen Polo and Hyundai Solaris are in first place in terms of the number of cars purchased for taxis; their share is approximately 13% of all purchased cars for use in taxis.
The third and fourth places are occupied by Skoda Rapid and KIA Rio with 11% and 10.7% respectively. The top ten most popular cars purchased by legal entities for use as a taxi also included: Skoda Octavia (6.4%), Ford Focus (6.1%), Renault Logan (5.6%), Volkswagen Jetta (2, 8%), Renault Kaptur (2.5%) and Nissan Almera (2.3%).
The main criteria for choosing a car for use in a taxi are its initial cost, fuel consumption, maintenance cost, and convenience for the driver and client. You can consider the option of purchasing a used car, but the cost of its maintenance is usually much higher, especially considering the significant mileage when working in a taxi.
Legal aspects of the taxi fleet
To begin with, we will determine which legal form is better to use for a taxi fleet - IP or LLC. We are not talking about one car that is operated by the driver himself, but about a taxi fleet, for which there are 10-15 cars.
There is no fundamental difference between IP and LLC for a taxi fleet. Making an IP is a bit simpler, but not significantly. Reporting IP is somewhat simpler, but keep in mind that IP is responsible for its obligations with all its property, and there are different cases on the road and not all of them can fit into the amount of insurance. Therefore, if you do not have any special grounds for choosing an IP, we recommend that you open an LLC.
It is more important to immediately determine the choice of taxation regime. There are several tax regimes available for taxis: UTII (single tax on imputed income), patent taxation system or simplified taxation system. Please note that UTII can be applied to individual entrepreneurs or legal entities that have no more than 20 vehicles for transportation.
It should be noted that the amount of taxes for each of the modes will be different depending on the region of registration of the taxi company. You can do it yourself on the website of the Federal Tax Service of Russia.
We calculate the cost of a patent for 10 cars for 2018 for a city, for example, Rostov-on-Don. Individual entrepreneurs can use the patent, the average number of employees of which does not exceed for the tax period, for all types of entrepreneurial activities carried out by an individual entrepreneur, 15 people, which fits into our conditions.
The application of the patent tax system provides for exemption from the obligation to pay personal income tax and personal property tax used for entrepreneurship.
After entering all the necessary data, we get that the amount of tax, when applying the patent system of taxation for this type of entrepreneurial activity for 12 months. will amount to 192, 000 rubles, the tax is paid in two installments - 1 payment is 64, 000 rubles no later than ninety calendar days after the start of the patent, 2 payments equal 128, 000 rubles no later than the expiration date of the patent.
We calculate the amount of UTII for the same conditions using a special calculator. The amount of UTII will be about 50 thousand rubles per quarter. The amount of UTII tax can be reduced to 50% the amount of insurance premiums paid for employees of individual entrepreneurs. Further, it all depends on what contributions you will pay for employees.
In our opinion, there will not be a big difference in the amount of tax paid on the fact, when using UTII or a patent.
Thus, it is better to choose UTII or a patent as a tax system, which is better, it is easy to calculate independently for your region, according to the scheme that we have shown. If you do not fall due to restrictions under the action of these modes, then select the USN.
Registration of a license for a taxi fleet
Consider what you need to get a license for the taxi fleet. Obtaining a license does not present any particular problems. Licenses are issued by the Ministry of Transport. The list of documents for obtaining a license is best viewed in the administration of the region, where you will receive a license, since this list may vary slightly depending on the region of registration. The cost of obtaining a license varies depending on the region and is about 5 thousand rubles.
Please note that in order to obtain a license you need to equip a car with the following requirements:
Permanent presence in the car interior of the original permit for this type of activity.
Stickers "Checkers".
The vehicle interior must be equipped with a taximeter or a mobile application that replaces it.
The roof of the car should be equipped with a characteristic “taxi” sign with a built-in light element.
There are also the following basic requirements for the driver:
Driving experience of at least 5 years.
The vehicle must be in the personal property of the driver or provided to him in accordance with the current leasing agreement.
As you can see, the procedure for obtaining a license, as a rule, does not cause problems.
And, another important legal aspect. For taxi drivers a pre-trip medical examination is required. Such an inspection, by law, must be carried out by a certified specialist and an appropriate record must be made of the results of each inspection. To conduct such inspections, or to record the fact of their conduct, it is possible to conclude an agreement with a third-party organization licensed for such activities.
Financial performance of a taxi fleet
The financial performance of the taxi fleet will be different, depending on the model of the taxi fleet itself. Suppose we want to create a small taxi fleet of 10 cars in a city with a population of about one million people. As the dispatching service, we select an aggregator, for example, Yandex.Taxi. Hired drivers will work in shifts and hand over a plan of 1, 700 rubles per day.
The professionalism of drivers is very important for the financial success of a taxi fleet. If drivers often get into accidents or carelessly operate cars, then there can be no talk about any positive financial results. The right driver selection is the foundation of a successful taxi business.
Consider what financial indicators in this example can be achieved by us.
The investment (initial) costs of opening a taxi fleet will include the following main elements: the costs of opening a company or individual entrepreneur, the costs of obtaining a license, renting a parking lot, the cost of a small office and the cost of buying a car. The amount of costs for the purchase of cars is the main part of all costs.
With an average car cost of 600 thousand rubles, the cost of 10 cars will be about 6 million rubles. This is a significant investment, against their background all the sum of all other initial costs can be neglected. Initial costs can be reduced by leasing a car. For legal entities, there are many profitable leasing offers.
When concluding a leasing agreement, you must make an initial contribution of about 10% -20%. A lease agreement is usually concluded for a period of one to five years. The longer the lease term, the lower the monthly payment, but the larger the overpayment for the entire term. Additionally, the lessee can receive significant savings when paying profit. Also, the lessee saves on property tax and VAT if he is his payer.
The specific amount of tax savings depends on the tax system you have chosen and can be calculated at any leasing company you contact. In any case, the option of purchasing cars on lease should be considered, since you can reduce the amount of initial costs by almost 10 times.
Each car will bring you about 51 thousand rubles a month. But this is the amount in the ideal case, in reality the amount will be 10% - 15% percent less, and this is subject to the good organization of work. We will accept net revenue from one car in the amount of 45 thousand rubles per month.
The main expenses will be the following: expenses for the purchase of an insurance policy, car maintenance, which, taking into account the large mileage of cars in taxi mode, can be monthly, taxes, office maintenance, if necessary, and payment for aggregator services.
The total cost will be about 14 thousand per month for a car. Thus, the estimated profit from one car will be about 31 thousand rubles, and the total profit for 10 cars - about 310 thousand rubles per month. In this calculation, we do not take into account some overpayment on leasing and believe that we make all investments at once. The payback period of the car will be about 2 years. In fact, the service life of a car in a taxi, subject to quality service, is much higher and is at least four years, after which it is more profitable to sell the car at a residual value.
В итоге, учитывая остаточную стоимость автомобиля, каждый автомобиль принесет Вам около 700 тысяч рублей прибыли за четыре года, то есть около 14 тысяч рублей в месяц.
Подводя итоги, делаем вывод, что открытие собственного небольшого таксопарка является хорошим бизнесом, обеспечивающим достойную рентабельность и приемлемые сроки окупаемости. При грамотной организации дела суммарный доход вполне достаточен, чтобы обеспечить эффективность всего проекта.
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Anton Vodolazov, business consultant, candidate of economic sciencesContact the author:
(c) www.clogicsecure.com - a portal to business plans and guidelines for starting a small business 08/18/2019