Introduction
Fuel briquettes are popularly called "Euro-woods", they got such a nickname for their prevalence in Western countries, where the use of environmentally friendly and renewable fuels is given priority. In Russia, the energy problem is not yet so acute, but the popularity of biofuels is growing every year, and demand is already considerable. Businessmen producing fuel briquettes find consumers among the owners of private houses, land and factories both abroad and at home.
The main positive properties of wood fuel is its calorific value, which is equal to 19 MJ / kg (for comparison, it is 10 MJ / kg for ordinary firewood), as well as safe production using wood waste as raw materials.
Selection of raw materials
Almost any wood waste can serve as a raw material for briquettes: chips, foliage, croaker, pickle, trunks, lump waste. Also used are straw, peat, husk of crops. Raw material consumption is about 4 cubic meters. m. per 1 cubic meter m. of the finished product. In 1 cube m. sawdust about 1.2 tons of weight. The consumption of straw and husk per ton of the finished product depends on the type of crop:
Type of crop | Type of waste | Production residues per 1 ton of products |
Rice | Straw, husk, bran | 1.5t. straw + 0.2 t. pericarp |
Wheat | Straw, husk, bran | 2 tons of waste |
Corn | Stem | 2 tons of leaves + 4 tons of stems |
Barley | Straw, bran | 1.5 tons of straw |
Basically, the requirements are for the fraction and humidity of the raw material: it should be no more than 3 mm in size and have a moisture content of 8-12%. If the raw material does not meet the specified requirement, it is subjected to grinding and drying.
Production technology
The first step is the preparation of raw materials. It is fed into a chipper, where the tree is chopped and passed through a sieve, after this procedure, wood chips with a fraction of 5-30 mm come out. In an aerodynamic dryer-grinder, the material undergoes final grinding and drying. At the output, you can adjust the size to 1 mm.
Sawdust briquettes are produced on a screw press, which forms them under high pressure. A binder is not required here, since the tree contains a special substance, Legnin, which is a natural glue. The output is briquettes with a density of 1.1-1.2 t / m3, cylindrical or rectangular, 10-30 cm long, 60-75 cm in diameter.
The feed is provided by a conveyor belt. You should know that the screws on the press gradually wear out and require replacement, which, however, does not require much time and cost.
Prices for raw materials and equipment
The processing line includes the following equipment:
- dryer - from 100 thousand rubles;
- crusher - from 100 thousand rubles;
- screw press - from 250 thousand rubles;
- feed screw - from 13 to 80 thousand rubles;
- storage bunker - 50-100 thousand;
- ventilation equipment - 1.2 - 3.6 thousand rubles. per sq. m. with installation work;
- heat generator - 150 thousand rubles;
- cyclone - 10-30 thousand rubles;
- conveyor - about 200 thousand rubles;
- control panel - about 10 thousand rubles;
- packing machine - 300-800 thousand rubles;
- electronic scales - from 5 thousand rubles;
The cost of sawdust depends on the region and ranges from 1 to 15 rubles. per cube m. But now on the Internet you can find a lot of announcements about free wood waste, which you just need to pick up. Manufacturers of furniture and lumber repeatedly face the problem of waste disposal, so you can even do them a favor. The same sawdust can be used as fuel for a heat generator.
Room and staff
To accommodate equipment, an administrative unit, warehouses, utility rooms and a bathroom, one should find a room with an area of 120 m2, with an electric network of 380V (100 kW) and minimal suction equipment. About 4 people will be needed to service equipment in one shift.
Investment and profit
The cost of business in the production of 4 tons per shift (80 tons per month) includes:
- expenses for the purchase and installation of equipment - about 1.5 million rubles;
- salary to staff (4 workers plus 3 administration people) - about 140 thousand / month;
- raw material costs (minimum calculation) - by 67 cubic meters. m. of raw materials about 1000 rubles.
- rental of premises - about 20 thousand rubles;
- other expenses.
Total initial investment will amount to about 1.8 million rubles. The wholesale cost of briquettes is about 4-5 thousand rubles. per ton. If you find a source of free raw materials, then the monthly costs will be about 200 thousand rubles. The percentage of profit from total income is about 40%. With two shift work schedules (160 tons per month), the business pays for itself in half a year.
Cherukhina Kristina
(c) www.clogicsecure.com - a portal to business plans and guides